Foot rot is one of the contagious diseases of sheep and goats. The causal agent is Dichelobacter nodosus. The subject of this study was to prepare a multivalent Dichelobacter nodosus vaccine against foot rot in Iran. The experimental prepared vaccine consisted of tripticase peptone. protease peptone, Lab - lemco, yeast extract, L.argenine and glucose. the quality control of the vaccine was tested in sheep for safety and efficiency. The results of quality control of experimental vaccine were quite satisfactory in injected animals. The method of preparation and quality control of vaccine is described in this paper.

This study explores the concept of brain rot and its correlation with Avicenna’s four stages of intellect, offering a philosophical and normative perspective on cognitive decline in the digital age. By mapping the stages of brain rot—excessive exposure to digital content, mediating factors, cognitive dysfunction, and chronic cognitive decline—onto Avicenna’s hierarchy, this study reveals how digital overstimulation hinders intellectual progression. The research highlights the stagnation of cognitive faculties, from the passive, unactualized state of ʿAql Hayūlānī (potential intellect) to the irreversible decline seen in ʿAql Mustafād (acquired intellect). Mediating factors such as digital addiction, information overload, and mental fatigue exacerbate this stagnation, preventing the activation of higher cognitive functions and reflective reasoning. The study also integrates recent literature on brain rot and digital dementia to provide empirical support for the mapping process, demonstrating how excessive digital exposure disrupts intellectual growth and rational autonomy. These findings suggest the need for philosophical reflection on cognitive decline and underscore the importance of addressing the challenges posed by digital media in fostering intellectual engagement and development.

The collaborative BRAIN Initiative (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) was launched according to the aims of Brain Activity Map (BAM) on April, 2, 2013, with the main goal of mapping the activity of every neuron and cell in the human brain. The Brain Initiative will be led in a synergistic activity by prominent scientific foundations and institutes in U.S.A, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the private sector. The ultimate goal of this initiative is “to accelerate the development and application of innovative technologies to construct a dynamic picture of brain function that integrates neuronal and circuit activity over time and space”. Undoubtedly, through the BRAIN Initiative we can understand how the interplay of fluctuating patterns of electrical and chemical activity flowing within neural circuits creates our unique cognitive and behavioral capabilities. This attempt of the initiative is to follow an interdisciplinary approach and the development and creation of novel neurotechnologies and neuroimaging tools. The outcome will be generation of big data and a huge cybernetic platform which might be transformative for better diagnostic and therapeutics for millions worldwide who suffer from brain disorders. The BRAIN Initiative has been linked to the successful Apollo Space and Human Genome Project.

The Sensitivity of Quantitative electroencephalogram (Brain Mapping) was Compared with Transient ischemic Attack (TIA) and computerized tomography (C.T. Scan) Finding. Twenty Patients were tested with Quantitative EEG (Brain Mapping) within 24h from the onset of neurological symptoms where as CT Scan was performed within 24h from the onset of attack. EEG was recorded from 16 electrodes placed upon the Scale to the international 10-20 system. Spectral analysis was carried out for each channel. Absolute and Relative power were calculated for Delta - Theta -Alpha and Beta frequency bands and such data were successively represented in color coded maps. The results indicated that EEG mapping showed focal abnormality in delta band in 17 of 20 cases.      

Background and purpose: Preeclampsia is a serious condition in pregnancy. Previous studies have shown that NT-pro BNP level is higher in preeclamptic patients than that in pregnant women with normal blood pressure. Severity of preeclampsia is one of the critical factors in managing patients، so، this study aimed at investigating the relationship between the level of NT-pro BNP and severity of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study، three groups of pregnant women with normal blood pressure (n= 29)، non-severe preeclampsia (n= 30)، and severe preeclampsia (n=31) were included. Diagnostic criteria and classification of preeclampsia were based on the guideline for hypertension in pregnancy by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists، 2013. The level of NT-pro BNP was measured by ELISA. Data analysis was done applying t-test، fisher test، Kruskal Wallis، and Mann Whitney. Results: The levels of NT-pro BNP were 40± 26، 55± 33، and 74± 37 pg/ml in pregnant women with normal blood pressure، non-severe preeclampsia، and severe preeclampsia، respectively. Significant differences were found between the cases with normal blood pressure and those with severe preeclampsia in the level of NT-pro BNP (P= 0. 003). Conclusion: The level of NT-pro BNP in preeclamptic women was higher than that of the pregnant women with normal blood pressure which was correlated with the severity of preeclampsia too. It seems that the level of NT-pro BNP could be used to differentiate severe preeclampsia from non-severe cases.

In this Paper, implementation of brain emotional learning intelligent controller (BELBIC) for real word applications is described. Intelligent controllers with learning and adaptively are replacing with classical control methods in various fields of industry. Emotional controllers are members of the broad class of intelligent controllers that are inspired from the emotional learning in human and some animals. BELBIC that is based on computational model of Amygdale (center of emotional learning in the brain) is explained in this paper. Single input-single output BELBIC has some parameters. A good behavior of control system achieves with fine tuning of these parameters. Good results in simulations are obtained for BELBIC applied to several linear and non-linear plants. However, some considerations are necessary when a controller is applied to a real world system. In this paper an applicable method for computer control of a real world system that is purposeful for educational environments in Iran is proposed. This method is applied to speed control of DC servo motor using BELBIC and a PID controller. The DC servo motor and interface hardware are modeled and the whole system is simulated in order to finely tune the parameters of the controller. Experimental results show excellent results for BELBIC in comparison to a classic controller and also show that the proposed method is satisfying for computer control purposes.